ABSTRACT Chicken abdominal fat (AF) is an economically important trait, and many studies have been conducted on genetic selection for AF. However, previous studies have focused on detecting functional chromosome mutations or regions using gene chips. The present study used the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on purebred Wengshang Barred chicken. A total of 1,286,715 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, and 175,211 SNPs were selected as candidate SNPs for genome-wide association analysis using TASSEL general linear models. Two SNPs markers reached genome-wide significance. Of these, rs7943847, rs127627362 were significantly associated with AF at 120 days. These SNPs are close to eight genes (SLC16A6, ARSG, WIPI1, PRKAR1A, FAM20A, ABCA8, ABCA9, CPQ,). These results would enrich the studies on AF and promote the use of Chinese chicken, especially the Wenshang Barred chicken.

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the influence of different dialysis frequency on microinflammation for the maintenance haemodialysis patients. Methods: Fifty-three maintenance haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease were divided into three groups. Groups A, B and C dialysed three times per week, twice per week and three times per 2 weeks, respectively. Total time was 1 year. The index of microinflammation state was measured in all patients before and after 1 year. Results: There were significant differences in the index of microinflammation state between any two groups. Conclusion: Patients who dialysed less than two times each week had a higher rate of microinflammation state. This showed that dialysis frequency was important for maintenance hae- modialysis.

Resumo Os microorganismos e endófitos da rizosfera podem ajudar seus hospedeiros a absorver nutrientes e regular os níveis de hormônios vegetais. Além disso, eles podem modular as expressões dos genes hospedeiros, auxiliar os hospedeiros na eliminação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e secretar compostos orgânicos voláteis. Portanto, microorganismos e endófitos da rizosfera são considerados determinantes dos processos envolvidos no crescimento de plantas hospedeiras. No entanto, as funções fisiológicas e ecológicas, bem como o mecanismo molecular subjacente ao comportamento dos microrganismos e endofíticos da rizosfera no seu papel na capacidade adaptativa das plantas hospedeiras no ambiente cárstico de alto teor de cálcio, não foram sistematicamente estudados. Esta revisão resume os mecanismos fisiológicos e moleculares de microrganismos e endófitos da rizosfera que ajudam as plantas hospedeiras a se adaptarem a vários tipos de ambientes adversos. As capacidades adaptativas das plantas que crescem em ambientes adversos, em parte ou totalmente, dependem de microrganismos coexistentes com as plantas hospedeiras. vegetais disso ROS (ROS voláteis Portanto entanto ecológicas cálcio estudados adversos totalmente

Abstract Rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes can help their hosts absorb nutrients and regulate the levels of plant hormones. Moreover, they can modulate the expressions of host genes, assist hosts in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secreting volatile organic compounds. Therefore, rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes are considered as determinant factors driving processes involved in the growth of host plants. However, the physiological and ecological functions, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying the behavior of rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes in their role in the adaptive capacity of host plants in the karstic high-calcium environment have not been systematically studied. This review summarizes the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes which help host plants to adapt to various kinds of adverse environments. The adaptive capacities of plants growing in adverse environments, partly, or totally, depends on microorganisms co-existing with the host plants. hormones Moreover genes ROS (ROS compounds Therefore However functions highcalcium high calcium studied environments partly totally coexisting co existing

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between PI3K/mTOR/RhoA signaling regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into four groups; blank control, negative control, PI3K-RNAi, and mTOR-RNAi. The cytoskeletal changes in the macrophages were observed. Furthermore, the phagocytic capacity of macrophages against Escherichia coli is reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percent phagocytosis. Transfection yielded 82.1 and 81.5% gene-silencing efficiencies against PI3K and mTOR, respectively. The PI3K-RNAi group had lower mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, mTOR, and RhoA than the blank and negative control groups (Р<0.01). The mTOR-RNAi group had lower mRNA and protein levels of mTOR and RhoA than the blank and the negative control groups (Р<0.01). Macrophages in the PI3K-RNAi group exhibited stiff and inflexible morphology with short, disorganized filopodia and reduced number of stress fibers. Macrophages in the mTOR-RNAi group displayed pronounced cellular deformations with long, dense filopodia and an increased number of stress fibers. The PI3K-RNAi group exhibited lower MFI and percent phagocytosis than blank and negative control groups, whereas the mTOR-RNAi group displayed higher MFI and percent phagocytosis than the blank and negative controls (Р<0.01). Before and after transfection, the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K were both positively correlated with mTOR and RhoA (Р<0.05), but the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR were negatively correlated with those of RhoA (Р<0.05). Changes in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages were associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements and were regulated by the PI3K/mTOR/RhoA signaling pathway.

ABSTRACT The effects of plant essential oil (PEO) on the production performance and immune function of laying hens were evaluated to provide theoretical basis for promoting the natural plant extracts. Eight thousand 1-day-old healthy laying hens were randomly divided into a control group or PEO group, with four replicates per treatment and 1000 hens per replicate. The PEO diet was supplemented with 3g/kg plant extract. Diets were fed for 56 days. The tibia length and keel length were detected on an empty stomach at the end of the trial. Blood samples were collected on the 28th and 56th days to detect the level of C3, C4, IL-1, IL-2, IL-17 and immunoglobulin in the serum. The results showed that, compared with the control, PEO supplementation significantly increased the weight gain rate (WGR) at the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 7th week (p<0.05), and decreased the WGR at the 3rd and 6th week. The tibial length was significantly increased at the 3rd, 5th, 6th and 7th week (p<0.01), and also the keel length at the 5th and 7th week in PEO group. The concentration of IgG and IgM also significantly influenced with PEO supplementation, but there was no significant difference in the complements, C3 and C4, and the IL levels between days 28 and 56. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in body weight and immune organ on day 56. Therefore, we conclude that the addition of PEO could improve the production performance and immune function in laying hens.

RESUMO Prevalência de infecção por tuberculose bovina em gado na prefeitura de Aksu determinada por teste cutâneo tuberculínico (TST) entre 1985 e 2016 foi avaliada. O gado foi analisado de acordo com região, padrão alimentar, rebanho e idade. Um total de 890009 animais foram testados, com prevalência de 0,13% de tuberculose bovina (1172/890009). Diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada em padrão alimentar e rebanhos. Prevalência em vacas (0,19%, 615/327022) foi mais alta que em bois (P< 0,01, OR= 1,903, 95% CI = 1,696 a 2,134). Diferenças significativas (P< 0,01; OR= 2,238, 95%; CI= 1,937 a 2,585) foram evidentes em taxas para tuberculose bovina em casas de camponeses (0,12%, 942/802343) e grupos de fazendeiros (0,26%, 230/87666). A prevalência de bTB caiu na prefeitura Aksu, a taxa positiva se encontrava abaixo de 0.1% a partir de 2010. Conclui-se que as medidas de controle para tuberculose bovina na região de Aksu foram eficazes.

ABSTRACT Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle in Aksu Prefecture determined by intradermal tuberculin skin test (TST), between 1985 and 2016. Cattle were analyzed according to region, feeding pattern, herds and age. A total of 890,009 cattle were tested, with overall bovine tuberculosis prevalence of 0.13% (1172/890009). Statistically significant difference was found in feeding pattern and herds. Prevalence in cows (0.19%, 615/327022) was higher than that in beeves (P< 0.01, OR= 1.903, 95% CI = 1.696 to 2.134). Significant difference (P< 0.01; OR= 2.238, 95%; CI= 1.937 to 2.585) was evident for rates for bovine tuberculosis in the peasant household (0.12%, 942/802343) and farm groups (0.26%, 230/87666). The overall prevalence of bTB was decreased in the Aksu Prefecture, especially the positive rate was under 0.1% in 2010s. We concluded that the control measures forbovine tuberculosis in the Aksu region cattle herds are effective.

ABSTRACT Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection has frequently affected the poultry industry in recent years. The infection with REV weakens the immune responses of the infected poultry. It is reported that Enteromorphaclathrata polysaccharides are capable of regulating immune function. In order to investigate the immuno regulatory effects of Enteromorphaclathrata polysaccharides (EPS) on the response of REV-infected broilers to a live attenuated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. Broilers were intraperitoneally injected with REV at one day of age, subcutaneously infected with EPS at 2 days of age, and vaccinated by nasal drip with a live attenuated ND (Lasota strain) vaccine at 5 days of age. Immune organ index, secretory immunoglobulinA (SIgA), peripheral blood heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H/L ratio), peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation rates, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels were measured at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 56 days of age. The results showed that EPS increased the immune organ index, and the secretion of small intestine secretory immunoglobulin A, serum ND antibody titers, blood H/L ratio, peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation rates, and IL-2 and IFN-γ levels. These results indicate that EPS are able to enhance the immune responses of chickens both to REV infection and to ND vaccination. Therefore, Enteromorphaclathrata polysaccharides can be considered as an immune regulator in the future.

Red mud is the waste generated during the production of alumina from bauxite. The high-temperature reduction of red mud in the absence and presence of sodium borate was carried out to facilitate the subsequent recovery of iron by wet magnetic separation. Sodium borate was found to enhance the recovery of iron, as well as increasing the particle size of metallic iron significantly. High-temperature reduction in the presence of 4% sodium borate increased the iron grade of the metallic powder to 90.05%, compared to 80.24% without sodium borate under the optimum conditions of roasting at 1300°C for 30 min. Experimental evidence showed that sodium borate promotes the reduction of iron oxides and the growth of metallic iron grains, which leads to improved separation between iron and gangue during the subsequent magnetic separation.

ABSTRACT Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common orthostatic blood pressure (BP) regulation disorder. Orthostatic hypertension (OHT), on the other hand, is not so common but has relevancy with autonomic neuropathy and diabetes. Orthostatic hypotension is prevalent in females and elderly person. But prevalence of OHT in age and gender is poorly studied. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Data collection was from January 2000 to August 2012. Inclusion criteria were patients referred for syncope of unknown origin, headache, dizziness, chest tightness or sighing. Comparisons were made between males and females, and those < 12 year and those ≥ 12 years of age. First outcomes included OHT frequency. Secondary outcomes included age and gender differences in head-up tilt test (HUTT) results and its reaction type, the increment of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure at three minutes of HUTT. Results: Out of a total of 2089 children, OHT was noted in 498 cases. Orthostatic hypertension frequency was higher in males (25.93% vs 21.63%, p < 0.05) and those ≥ 12 years of age (20.48% vs 28.05%, p < 0.05). In OHT children, HUTT positive rate was higher in females (48.6% vs 38.1%, p < 0.05) and those ≥ 12 years of age (51.5% vs 33.2%, p < 0.01). No significant age and gender differences were noted in systolic and diastolic BP in OHT children within three minutes during HUTT. Conclusions: Orthostatic hypotension in children was more often seen in males and in those aged ≥ 12.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La hipotensión ortostática (HO) es un trastorno de la regulación ortostática común de la presión arterial (PA). Por otro lado, la hipertensión ortostática (HTO) no es tan común, pero tiene importancia en relación con la neuropatía y la diabetes autonómicas. La hipotensión ortostática es frecuente en mujeres y personas mayores. Pero la prevalencia de HTO con respecto a edad y género no ha sido muy estudiada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal. La recogida de datos se realizó de enero de 2000 hasta agosto de 2012. Los criterios de inclusión fueron los pacientes remitidos por síncope de origen desconocido, dolor de cabeza, mareos, opresión en el pecho o suspiros. Se realizaron comparaciones entre varones y hembras, y aquellos de < 12 y ≥ 12 años de edad. Los primeros resultados incluyeron la frecuencia de HTO. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron diferencias de edad y de género en los resultados de la prueba de inclinación (PI) y sus tipos de reacción, el incremento de la presión sistólica y la presión diastólica a los tres minutos de PI. Resultados: De un total de 2089 niños, se observó HTO en 498 casos. La frecuencia de hipertensión ortostática fue mayor en los varones (25.93% vs 21.63%, p < 0.05) y aquellos con ≥ 12 años de edad (20.48% vs 28.05%, p < 0.05). En niños con HTO, la tasa de PI positivos fue mayor en las hembras (48.6% vs 38.1%, p < 0.05) y en aquellos con ≥ 12 años de edad (51.5% vs 33.2%, p < 0.01). No se observó ningún tipo de depresión cardíaca. El tipo mixto fue visto más a menudo en hembras (25.2% vs 13.2%, p < 0.05). No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa de edad y género en la PA sistólica y diastólica en niños con HTO en el plazo de tres minutos durante la PI. Conclusiones: La hipotensión ortostática en niños fue vista más a menudo en varones y en aquellos de edad ≥ 12.

ABSTRACT Objective: Feedback teaching is based on three guiding principles: systems theory, cybernetics, and information theory, summed up in the teaching reform practice. Methods: It differs from traditional instill-based teaching methods, as student feedback is considered a core teaching activity; feedback teaching replaces a one-way transfer with a multi-directional transfer of information, where the teacher fully plays the role of theoretical guide, improving students’ comprehensive ability. Results: The “reflection diary” is a teaching tool that encourages students to reflect on their learned knowledge and the experience they acquire in clinical practice by recording their experiences in a diary. We required the nursing undergraduates to write reflection diaries in clinical practice, which are then read and analysed by professional teachers who provide feedback in a timely manner. Conclusion: Experience has proven that the reflection diary feedback teaching method has positive impacts, fostering the development of the emotional processing and learning abilities that students need for their careers, while helping them develop their initiative, as well as their communication, analytical and problem-solving skills.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La enseñanza mediante retroalimentación se basa en tres principios guías – la teoría de sistemas, la cibernética, y la teoría de la información – resumidos en la práctica de la reforma de la enseñanza. Métodos: Se diferencia de los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza basados en procesos de inculcación, ya que en este método la retroalimentación del estudiante se considera una actividad central en el proceso de enseñanza. La enseñanza por retroalimentación reemplaza la transferencia unidireccional de información con una transferencia multidireccional, en la que el profesor desempeña plenamente el papel de guía teórico, mejorando la comprensión por parte de los estudiantes. Resultados: El “diario de reflexión” es una herramienta de enseñanza que estimula a los estudiantes a reflexionar sobre el conocimiento aprendido y la experiencia adquirida en la práctica clínica, mediante el registro de sus experiencias en un diario. Le pedimos a los estudiantes de enfermería escribir diarios de reflexión sobre la práctica clínica, que son luego leídos y analizados por profesores profesionales que ofrecen retroalimentación de manera oportuna. Conclusión: La experiencia ha demostrado que el método de enseñanza de retroalimentación a través de diarios de reflexión tiene efectos positivos, por cuanto fomenta el desarrollo del procesamiento emocional y las habilidades de aprendizaje que los estudiantes necesitan en sus carreras, a la par que les ayuda a desarrollar sus iniciativas, así como sus habilidades para para la comunicación, el análisis y la solución de problemas.

Asthma is a chronic allergic disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and mucus hypersecretion. T-lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, mediating airway inflammatory reactions by secreting cytokines. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Notch signaling pathways are associated with T cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation, and are important in the progression of asthma. Thus, compounds that can modulate T cell proliferation and function may be of clinical value. Here, we assessed the effects of tangeretin, a plant-derived flavonoid, in experimental asthma. BALB/c mice at postnatal day (P) 12 were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Separate groups of mice (n=18/group) were administered tangeretin at 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control. Tangeretin treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and also restored the normal histology of lung tissues. OVA-specific IgE levels in serum and BALF were reduced. AHR, as determined by airway resistance and lung compliance, was normalized. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a reduced Th17 cell population. Tangeretin reduced the levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokines and raised IFN-γ levels. PI3K signaling was inhibited. The expressions of the Notch 1 receptor and its ligands Jagged 1 and 2 were downregulated by tangeretin. Our findings support the possible use of tangeretin for treating allergic asthma.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is hormones in higher plants and participates in plant growth regulation and stress resistance including Al stress. The reduction of root apex aluminum (Al) content by exogenous IAA treatment was hypothesized to be effective in alleviating the adverse effect of high Al concentration in wheat root growth. To investigate the role of IAA in lowering root apex Al content, Al-tolerant wheat (ET8) was studied in Al solution (50 µM), co-treated with IAA (25 µM) and anion channel inhibitors (5 µM NIF or A9C) or IAA transport inhibitors (5 µM TIBA or NPA) under acidic condition for 24 h. Treatments were as fellows: control (0.5 µM CaCl2), Al (50 µM), Al (50 µM) + IAA (25 µM), Al (50 µM) + IAA (25 µM) + NIF (or A9C, 5 mM), Al (50 µM) + NPA (or TIBA, 5 µM). Al content in root apex, rhizosphere pH and PM H+-ATPase activity were studied. The results showed that co-treatment with IAA reduced root apex Al content by 42% compared to Al treatment. Anion channel inhibitors enhanced the accumulation of Al in root apex by 27% (or 32%) (NIF or A9C), while addition of IAA neutralized its promoting effect. The co-treatment with IAA increased rhizosphere pH by alleviating the decrease of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, while IAA transport inhibitors (NPA or TIBA) suppressed the elevation of rhizosphere pH. The current results suggested that IAA could be effective in alleviating Al toxicity through reducing Al accumulation in wheat root apex.

A síndrome de Cushing (SC) resulta da exposição prolongada a níveis suprafisiológicos de glicocorticóides circulantes, tanto endógenos como de seus derivados exógenos. Embora rara na infância, a SC permanece uma condição difícil de ser diagnosticada e tratada. Uma avaliação multidisciplinar e a colaboração próxima com colegas da área não-pediátrica são adotadas na maioria dos grandes centros que cuidam de pacientes pediátricos com SC. Embora os protocolos pediátricos sejam derivados de dados em adultos, existem diferenças significativas entre a SC no adulto e na infância. Além disso, parâmetros evolutivos finais, incluindo altura final, densidade mineral óssea, função reprodutiva, composição corporal e saúde psicológica trazem desafios no cuidado pediátrico. Este artigo procura oferecer uma visão geral da SC pediátrica, focalizando algumas das diferenças entre a SC adulta e a pediátrica.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) results from prolonged exposure to supraphysiological levels of circulating glucocorticoids, endogenously or exogenously derived. Although rare in childhood, CS remains a difficult condition to diagnose and treat. A multidisciplinary approach and close collaboration with adult colleagues is adopted at most large centres that manage pediatric CS patients. Although pediatric protocols are derived from adult data, significant differences exist between adult and childhood CS. Furthermore, long term outcome parameters including final height, bone mineral density, reproductive function, body composition and psychological health pose challenges for pediatric care. This article will aim to provide an overall view of pediatric CS highlighting some of the differences between adult and pediatric CS.

N,N'-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediiminocobalt (Cosalen) was encapsulated into the supercage of microporous NaY zeolite via "ship-in-a-bottle" technique. The impregnated Cosalen complex immobilized on the outer surface of the zeolite was also prepared in order to further prove the encapsulation by the flexible ligand method. The samples were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, TG/DTA and SEM techniques. The oxidation of cyclohexane using oxygen was chosen to evaluate the catalytic performance of encapsulated complex. The encapsulated Cosalen was stable than the neat Cosalen complex and the conversion of cyclohexane reached 24.4% at 130 ºC for 3 h in the CH3CN solution without adding any inducing agents. The higher selectivity for acid including adipic acid indicated that the encapsulated Cosalen exhibited the ability to produce acid from cyclohexane by one-step reaction.